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  Solid-state lasers are attractive sources of coherent radiation for various applications. The five groups of lasers are solid-state, semiconductor, liquid, gas, and plasma. The state of the laser active environment in solid and semiconductor lasers is similar, so they are in a single group. Research in solid-state lasers has been continued for more than 50 years and gradually progressed in obtaining new emission wavelengths and tunable radiations. A new generation of solid-state laser systems pumped, fiber, slab, and disc lasers has begun a new era in the research and development of medical instruments due to the reduction of the size and consumption of energy (1-2). A ruby laser is a solid-state laser that uses a synthetic ruby crystal as its gain medium. The first working laser was a ruby laser designed by Theodore H. Ted Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories on May 16, 1960. [3][4] Ruby lasers produce pulses of coherent visible light at a wavelength of 694.3 nm, a deep red color.

History: Laser stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Albert Einstein (1916) theoretically proved the process of stimulated emission (that is, when more atoms occupy a higher energy state than a lower one, it is possible to force them to return to an unexcited state by stimulating them with the same energy as would be emitted naturally). German Physicist Rudolf Walther Ladenburg observed the stimulated emission in 1928. In 1951, Charles H.Townes from Columbia University demonstrated a working device that focused excited ammonia molecules in a resonant microwave cavity, where they emitted a pure microwave frequency. Townes named the device a MASER for Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.  On May 16, 1960, Theodore H. Maiman (Hughes Research Laboratories) fired bright pulses from a photographer’s flash lamp to excite chromium atoms in a crystal of synthetic ruby and produced red pulses from a Ruby rod about the size of a fingertip.  In