Stay Out of Dandruff Homely Way

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 Dandruff 

It is a skin condition that mainly affects the scalp. [1] Symptoms include flaking and sometimes mild itchiness. [1][2] A more severe form of the condition, including inflammation, is known as seborrhoeic dermatitis. [1]

The main symptoms of dandruff are an itchy scalp and flakiness. [3] Red and greasy patches of skin and a tingly feeling on the skin are also symptoms. [4]


                        A microscopic image of human dandruff [19]

Signs and symptoms


The main symptoms of dandruff are an itchy scalp and flakiness. [20] Red and greasy patches of skin and a tingly feeling on the skin are also symptoms. [21]
Dandruff and dry scalp are often confused since they share many of the same symptoms, but their causes and treatment are different. [22] A dry scalp is simply dry skin on the scalp. Treatment is with a skin care regimen. 

Causes:


Dandruff with shed hair can be symptomatic of dry skin 

The cause is unclear but believed to involve several genetic and environmental factors. [5]

As the skin layers continually replace themselves, cells come outward and die and flake off. For most individuals, these flakes are too small to be visible. However, certain conditions cause cell turnover to be unusually rapid, especially in the scalp. It is a hypothesis that for people with dandruff, skin cells may mature and shed in two to seven days, as opposed to around a month in people without dandruff. 

According to one study, dandruff is possibly the result of three factors:[6]

1. Skin oil, commonly referred to as sebum or sebaceous secretions[7]

2. The metabolic byproducts of skin micro-organisms (most specifically Malassezia yeasts)[8-12]Individual susceptibility and allergy sensitivity.

Dandruff forms when a type of fungus called Malassezia begins to grow on your scalp. However, this results in scalp damage and causes severe dryness. There is another type when your scalp begins producing more oil, resulting in the growth of sticky and oily type dandruff on your hair. Here are some of the major causes.

  • · Irregular brushing and hair washing.
  • · Stress and any mental illness
  • · Parkinson’s disease
I will give you a brief description of the sebaceous gland. 

A sebaceous gland or oil gland [23] is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals. [24] In humans, sebaceous glands occur in the face and scalp but also on all parts of the skin except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. In the eyelids, meibomian glands, also called tarsal glands, are a type of sebaceous gland that secrete a type of sebum into tears. Areolar glands are specialized sebaceous glands surrounding the female nipple for lubricating the nipple. Fordyce spots are benign, visible, sebaceous glands found usually on the lips, gums, inner cheeks, and genitals.

Now, let us discuss how to get rid of it without medication by following some simple home remedies.

Let me start with my personal experience. 


Personal experience:

I noticed that when the scalp became dry, there was dandruff growth and a hair fall. There
was a considerable reduction when I oiled my hair. That gave me confidence, and nowadays, I
use hot oil to massage my scalp, and I wash it using egg white. I do it once a week, and my
hair is out of danger, and I get a good sleep. 
Coconut oil is a nourishing agent for hair, virgin coconut oil is the best one.  It is also an easy home remedy to get rid of dandruff. Follow these simple tips and get rid of dandruff permanently.
  •      Heat two tablespoons of coconut oil (if your scalp is too oily, mix it with one or two drops of lemon juice).
  •      Apply this on your scalp and massage gently with it.
  •      Leave it for 20 minutes, and then rinse it with egg white. 
In the beginning, try this remedy twice or thrice a week. Then you can reduce it to once a week.
Another important item that boosts hair growth is virgin coconut oil, which I cooked at home (no credibility in the item available in the market).


Coconut milk

Easy steps to prepare virgin coconut oil:
  •      Get the milk from the coconut by crushing it. 
  •      Keep the coconut milk in the fridge for one night. The water content of the coconut milk and cream gets separated, and we get the cream in thick form.
  •      Remove the precipitation from the water for heating.

Frozen coconut milk 
Steps to follow:
  •      Get the milk of coconut in the required amount.
  •      Heat it in a thick-bottomed vessel.
  •      Stir it constantly to avoid sticking.

                                    Heating coconut milk to get the oil out


  •      The oil comes out when ready, and a pleasant fragrance emanates when its residue becomes light brown.
  •      Filter it and store it in a glass bottle.

Filtered oil in a glass bottle

Fenugreek seeds are another preventive cure for dandruff.

Preparation of Fenugreek pack:  
  •      First, soak fenugreek seeds overnight.  
  •      Blend the seeds to a paste. 
  •      Then, add a little lemon juice to the paste (optional).
  •      Apply it to your scalp and hair and leave it to dry for 30 minutes.
  •      Wash your hair and allow your hair to dry.

Alovera gel:


After the hot oil massage, we can use aloe vera gel to wash our hair. 

In my experience, all the above methods were effective. There was a considerable reduction in dandruff and hair fall. There are other remedies for dandruff, like henna treatment, neem, egg yolk, etc., I tried and found they were not apt for my scalp. So, the first thing you have to do is to identify your scalp and choose the right one to practice.


Micro-organisms:


Older literature cites the fungus Malassezia furfur (previously known as Pityrosporum ovale) as the cause of dandruff. While this species does occur naturally on the skin surface of people both with and without dandruff, in 2007, researchers discovered that the responsible agent is a scalp-specific fungus, Malassezia globosa,[11] that metabolizes triglycerides present in sebum by the expression of lipase, resulting in a lipid byproduct: oleic acid. During dandruff, the levels of Malassezia increase by 1.5 to 2 times its usual level. [14] Oleic acid penetrates the top layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum. 

Bacteria are also suspected to be a cause. Staphylococcus capital was 100 times more abundant on scalps affected by dandruff. [13]


Seborrhoeic dermatitis


In seborrhoeic dermatitis, redness and itching frequently occur around the folds of the nose and eyebrow areas, not just the scalp.

Inflammation and extension of scaling outside the scalp exclude the diagnosis of dandruff from seborrhoeic dermatitis. [11] However, many reports suggest a clear link between the two clinical entities - the mildest form of the clinical presentation of seborrhoeic dermatitis as dandruff, where the inflammation is minimal and remains subclinical. [15]

Seasonal changes, stress, and immunosuppression seem to affect seborrheic dermatitis. [18]


Mechanism:


The dandruff scale is a cluster of corneocytes.

A corneocyte is a protein complex made of tiny threads of keratin in an organized matrix. [18] The size and abundance of scales are heterogeneous from one site to another and over time. Parakeratotic cells often make up part of dandruff. 


References:

1. ucker D, Masood S (August 2021). "Seborrheic Dermatitis". StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 31869171

2. ^ Jump up to a b c d e "Dandruff". Nhs. UK. 18 October 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2020.

3 "Dandruff: How to treat". American Academy of Dermatology. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.

4 Turkington C, Dover JS (2007). The Encyclopedia of Skin and Skin Disorders (Third ed.). Facts On File, Inc. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-8160-6403-8. Archived from the original on 19 May 2016.

5^ Jump up to:a b c Turner GA, Hoptroff M, Harding CR (August 2012). "Stratum corneum dysfunction in dandruff". International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 34 (4): 298–306. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00723.x. PMC 3494381. PMID 22515370.

6^ "What Is Dandruff? Learn All About Dandruff". Medical News Today. Archived from the original on 10 August 2015.

7^ DeAngelis YM, Gemmer CM, Kaczvinsky JR, Kenneally DC, Schwartz JR, Dawson TL (December 2005). "Three etiologic facets of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis: Malassezia fungi, sebaceous lipids, and individual sensitivity". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. Symposium Proceedings. 10 (3): 295–297. doi:10.1111/j.1087-0024.2005.10119.x. PMID 16382685.

8^ Jump up to a b Ro BI, Dawson TL (December 2005). "The role of sebaceous gland activity and scalp microfloral metabolism in the etiology of seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. Symposium Proceedings. 10 (3): 194–197. doi:10.1111/j.1087-0024.2005.10104.x. PMID 16382662.

9^ Ashbee HR, Evans EG (January 2002). "Immunology of diseases associated with Malassezia species". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 15 (1): 21–57. doi:10.1128/CMR.15.1.21-57.2002. PMC 118058. PMID 11781265.

10^ Batra R, Boekhout T, Guého E, Cabañes FJ, Dawson TL, Gupta AK (December 2005). "Malassezia Baillon, emerging clinical yeasts". FEMS Yeast Research. 5 (12): 1101–1113. doi:10.1016/j.femsyr.2005.05.006. PMID 16084129.

11^ Jump up to a b Dawson TL (2006). "Malassezia and seborrheic dermatitis: etiology and treatment". Journal of Cosmetic Science. 57 (2): 181–182. PMID 16758556.

12^ Gemmer CM, DeAngelis YM, Theelen B, Boekhout T, Dawson TL (September 2002). "Fast, noninvasive method for molecular detection and differentiation of Malassezia yeast species on human skin and application of the method to dandruff microbiology". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 40 (9): 3350–3357. doi:10.1128/JCM.40.9.3350-3357.2002. PMC 130704. PMID 12202578.

13^ Gupta AK, Batra R, Bluhm R, Boekhout T, Dawson TL (November 2004). "Skin diseases associated with Malassezia species". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 51 (5): 785–798. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2003.12.034. PMID 15523360.

14 "Genetic code of dandruff cracked". BBC News. 6 November 2007. Archived from the original on 22 December 2008. Retrieved 30 April 2010.

15^ One step closer to finding the root cause of dandruff - Unilever

16^ Piérard-Franchimont C, Xhauflaire-Uhoda E, Piérard GE (October 2006). "Revisiting dandruff". International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 28 (5): 311–318. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00326.x. PMID 18489295. S2CID 24519401.

17^ Pierard-Franchimont C, Hermanns JF, Degreef H, Pierard GE. From axioms to new insights into dandruff. Dermatology 2000;200:93-8.

  

 18 Ranganathan S, Mukhopadhyay T (2010). "Dandruff: the most commercially exploited skin disease". Indian Journal of Dermatology. 55 (2): 130–134. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.62734. PMC 2887514. PMID 20606879.

19 Wikipedia

20  Turner GA, Hoptroff M, Harding CR (August 2012). "Stratum corneum dysfunction in dandruff". International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 34 (4): 298–306. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00723.x. PMC 3494381. PMID 22515370.

21^ "What Is Dandruff? Learn All About Dandruff". Medical News Today. Archived from the original on 10 August 2015.
22^ "Dry Scalp vs. Dandruff: What's the Difference? (With Pictures)". Freebird | The Bald Truth. Retrieved 5 July 2024.

23  "Hair follicle sebaceous gland: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image". medlineplus.gov. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
24 Lovászi, Marianna; Szegedi, Andrea; Zouboulis, Christos C.; TörÅ‘csik, Dániel (17 October 2017). "Sebaceous-immunobiology is orchestrated by sebum lipids". Dermato-endocrinology. 9 (1). Informa UK Limited: e1375636. doi:10.1080/19381980.2017.1375636. ISSN 1938-1980. PMC 5821166. PMID 29484100.
 



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